FULL-FAT SOY-BEAN
Full-fat soy-bean in birds’ ration
Extruded soy-bean in birds’ feeding
The most effective use of soy-bean oil cake and full-fat (extruded) soy-beans is observed in the most intensive industrial branch - poultry breeding.
For example, in the USA about 50 % of all produced soy-bean oil cake is used for needs of poultry breeding that becomes a determinative factor for increase of production of broilers meat and eggs. After respective processing reducing level of anti-nutritional factors to the safe level soy-beans with full content of oil (full-fat, non-defatted, full-fat soy-bean) is considered to be n excellent source of energy and high quality protein.
Extruded soy-beans is well digested by all types of birds, it contains fat with 50 % of linoleic acid that should be obligatory present in birds’ ration.
The most effective use of soy-bean oil cake and full-fat (extruded) soy-beans is observed in the most intensive industrial branch - poultry breeding.
For example, in the USA about 50 % of all produced soy-bean oil cake is used for needs of poultry breeding that becomes a determinative factor for increase of production of broilers meat and eggs. After respective processing reducing level of anti-nutritional factors to the safe level soy-beans with full content of oil (full-fat, non-defatted, full-fat soy-bean) is considered to be n excellent source of energy and high quality protein.
Extruded soy-beans is well digested by all types of birds, it contains fat with 50 % of linoleic acid that should be obligatory present in birds’ ration.
FULL-FAT SOY-BEAN IN BIRDS’ RATION
Broilers
Intensive feeding of broilers is possible in case of prevailing introduction into ration of soy-bean protein that contains all amino acids in suitable ratio and amount, except methionine deficit of which is usually substituted with synthetic forms, and betafin, or (partially) choline chloride (source Â4).
3. Increase of content of the most important, essential fat acids (linoleic, linolenoic acid) in carcasses that increases their biological nutrition value for human.
4. Use of extruded, roasted, autoclaved soy-bean in comparison with raw soy-bean or alternative sources – pea, fodder beans – confirms economic efficiency, increasing potential profit from broilers for 30 – 40 %, and from barndoor fowl from 2.8 to 13.6 $ per one ton of combined fodder.
Notice:
- differences of productivity may be caused by uncontrolled process of thermal treatment (broilers are sensitive to increased content of inhibitors and overheating, recommended indices of urease activity are 0.02 – 0.1 pH).
- share of extruded soy-bean in loose combined fodder is no more than 20 %. Granulation is required in case of increased level of introduction.
Pullets and layers
The best results were obtained for pullets that were fed with soy-bean extrudate, and then, at productive stage – with tested soy-bean oil cake (table 2).
Generally, perspectives of extruded soy-beans use for these technological groups of birds are the following:
1. Effective alternative of soy-bean (as well as sunflower) oil cake in receipts of combined fodders and protein and vitaminous mineral admixtures for pullets and layers, with increase of shell quality and reduction of fodder consumption per 1 egg (for 7 %), increase of layers’ performance (up to 4 %). In comparison with sunflower oil cake these indices are even higher.
2. Possibility of complete satisfaction of bird’s demand for linoleic acid (soy-bean extrudate is a homogenous oily mass with content of this acid of 9.5 – 10.5 %) that improves metabolism and reserves fatness and weight of carcasses.
Notice:
- permissible level of soy-bean extrudate introduction is up to 20 % by weight of combined fodder.
Turkeys and other big birds
Solving of problems connected with fattening of live weight and fat in carcasses. The best indices in comparison with soy-bean oil cakes.
At early stages of growth (7 – 8 weeks) safe level of introduction is up to 10 %, further until slaughter without negative consequences – up to 20 % by weight of combined fodder.
Intensive feeding of broilers is possible in case of prevailing introduction into ration of soy-bean protein that contains all amino acids in suitable ratio and amount, except methionine deficit of which is usually substituted with synthetic forms, and betafin, or (partially) choline chloride (source Â4).
Soy-bean oil cake and extrudate are an excellent fodder for broilers. British company Favor Parker LTD, that occupies with production of full-fat soy-beans, has carried out investigations (in industrial poultry factories) with two rations: with use of soy-bean oil cake and with processed, non-defatted soy-bean. Better indices of fodder on rations with non-defatted soy-bean are provided by high digestion of energy and protein.
Extruded soy-bean gave better results in comparison with rations containing soy-bean oil cake and animal fat (see table 1).
Generally, use of extruded soy-bean for broilers has proved the following advantages:
1. Increase of content of exchange energy up to 17 MJ in 1 kg of fodder dry matter.
2. Effective substitution (for 34-41%) of need in tested soy-bean oil cake at the last stage of feeding with improvement of conversion and performance indices, including without increase of mortality or worsening of carcasses quality.Extruded soy-bean gave better results in comparison with rations containing soy-bean oil cake and animal fat (see table 1).
Generally, use of extruded soy-bean for broilers has proved the following advantages:
1. Increase of content of exchange energy up to 17 MJ in 1 kg of fodder dry matter.
3. Increase of content of the most important, essential fat acids (linoleic, linolenoic acid) in carcasses that increases their biological nutrition value for human.
4. Use of extruded, roasted, autoclaved soy-bean in comparison with raw soy-bean or alternative sources – pea, fodder beans – confirms economic efficiency, increasing potential profit from broilers for 30 – 40 %, and from barndoor fowl from 2.8 to 13.6 $ per one ton of combined fodder.
Table 1. Efficiency of soy-bean oil cake substitution with extruded soy-bean in broilers’ ration
% of soy-bean oil cake substituted with extruded soy-bean
Extruded soy-bean in ration, %
Beginning
End
Live weight, kg
Fodder conversion
0
0
0
2,56
1,94
33
15,6
10,8
2,6
1,85
67
31,6
21,6
2,58
1,81
100
46,7
32,5
2,59
1,84
- differences of productivity may be caused by uncontrolled process of thermal treatment (broilers are sensitive to increased content of inhibitors and overheating, recommended indices of urease activity are 0.02 – 0.1 pH).
- share of extruded soy-bean in loose combined fodder is no more than 20 %. Granulation is required in case of increased level of introduction.
Pullets and layers
The best results were obtained for pullets that were fed with soy-bean extrudate, and then, at productive stage – with tested soy-bean oil cake (table 2).
Table 2. Results of pullets feeding during the period of growth (6 – 21 weeks)
Indicator
Soy-bean oil cake
Soy-bean extrudate
Raw non-defattened soy-bean
Live weight in age of 21 weeks
1,53
1,53
1,45
Fodder consumption at age 6-21 week, kg/head
9,77
9,68
10,04
Fodder conversion
6,29
6,32
6,94
Age of the first age, days
135
137
143
Mortality
2/206
1/101
5/100
Weight of pancreas, % from live weight
0,188
0,246
0,340
Generally, perspectives of extruded soy-beans use for these technological groups of birds are the following:
1. Effective alternative of soy-bean (as well as sunflower) oil cake in receipts of combined fodders and protein and vitaminous mineral admixtures for pullets and layers, with increase of shell quality and reduction of fodder consumption per 1 egg (for 7 %), increase of layers’ performance (up to 4 %). In comparison with sunflower oil cake these indices are even higher.
2. Possibility of complete satisfaction of bird’s demand for linoleic acid (soy-bean extrudate is a homogenous oily mass with content of this acid of 9.5 – 10.5 %) that improves metabolism and reserves fatness and weight of carcasses.
Notice:
- permissible level of soy-bean extrudate introduction is up to 20 % by weight of combined fodder.
Turkeys and other big birds
Solving of problems connected with fattening of live weight and fat in carcasses. The best indices in comparison with soy-bean oil cakes.
At early stages of growth (7 – 8 weeks) safe level of introduction is up to 10 %, further until slaughter without negative consequences – up to 20 % by weight of combined fodder.