Extrusion products for pig-breeding are actual because of several reasons:
à) stable tendency to use of new meat breeds, crosses, and hybrids which productive potential requires significant improvement of protein and energetic food.
b) objective reduction of highly expensive resources of animal origin, fish flour, corn, and soy-bean oil cakes (in industrial complexes) in rations of pigs, with their substitution with pea, soy-beans, non-conditioned grain fodder, rye, triticale, bran, sunflower oil cakes, etc., including “problematic” resources.
c) expansion of production of modern protein and vitaminous complexes, milk substitutes, etc. with use of extrusion methods.
d) production of own combined fodders (grain mixtures) directly in enterprises or small farms.
Extrusion of cereal grains (corn, barley, triticale, etc.) provides increase level of sugars up to 5 %, level of dextrines (hydrolysis products of starch) for more than 5 times comparing with starting material. Amount of native starch reduces for 12 – 14 % that allows to significantly reduce consumption of milk fodders (for 'Ë) and protein sources of microbiological and animal origin (for 30 – 60 %). It also allows to reduce cost price of pig-breeding for 30 – 40 %.
Use of non-defattened extrudate of soy-bean, press cake, and oil allows to solve the most important problems of pig-breeding:
1. It allows to increase rapidly energetic value of combined fodders to level which can not be achieved by traditional addition of carbohydrate or protein fodders without use of expensive fodders of animal origin.
2. It allows to improve taste and external characteristics of all types of grain mixtures and combined fodder, to eliminate o reduce diffusivity for 90 % (to reduce occurrence of bronchopneumonia for 70 %), to avoid exfoliation of raw material during storage and transportation.
3. It allows to increase general biological value of pigs rations due to phenomenon of synergism (including because of improvement of suction of fat-soluble vitamins, increase of level of essential amino and fat acids).
4. It allows to improve significantly pigs health and growth energy for 12 – 25 %.
5. To increase reproduction functions of sows (to increase income in season for 8 - 15 %, to reduce proholosts for 5 - 10%, embryonic mortality up to 12%, to increase heaviness of litter for 10 - 15%, to increase milkiness for 16%.
6. To increase average daily weight during fattening, to reduce fodder consumption per 1 kg of fattening for 0.5 – 1.5 kg/unit, to improve taste and delicacy of pork, to increase significantly economical efficiency not only in conditions of industrial technologies, but also for small (including farming) enterprises.
7. To increase resistivity to technological stresses (PSE – meat syndrome) for meat genotypes.
All the specified factors explain necessity of new estimation of economical and nutrition value of grain and bean resources and place of extrusion technologies in production of competitive fodders, concentrates, and additives. This is necessary for introduction of modern feeding programs in order to renew and intensively increase Russian production of pork.